class documentation

Represents an XML element node.

An Element contains a series of attributes (name/value pairs), content (character data), and other child Element objects. When building a document with markup (such as HTML or XML), use this object as the starting point.

Element objects fully support XML Namespaces. The fully qualified name of the XML Element it represents is stored in the uri and name attributes, where uri holds the namespace URI. There is also a default namespace, for child elements. This is stored in the defaultUri attribute. Note that '' means the empty namespace.

Serialization of Elements through toXml() will use these attributes for generating proper serialized XML. When both uri and defaultUri are not None in the Element and all of its descendents, serialization proceeds as expected:

>>> from twisted.words.xish import domish
>>> root = domish.Element(('myns', 'root'))
>>> root.addElement('child', content='test')
<twisted.words.xish.domish.Element object at 0x83002ac>
>>> root.toXml()
u"<root xmlns='myns'><child>test</child></root>"

For partial serialization, needed for streaming XML, a special value for namespace URIs can be used: None.

Using None as the value for uri means: this element is in whatever namespace inherited by the closest logical ancestor when the complete XML document has been serialized. The serialized start tag will have a non-prefixed name, and no xmlns declaration will be generated.

Similarly, None for defaultUri means: the default namespace for my child elements is inherited from the logical ancestors of this element, when the complete XML document has been serialized.

To illustrate, an example from a Jabber stream. Assume the start tag of the root element of the stream has already been serialized, along with several complete child elements, and sent off, looking like this:

  <stream:stream xmlns:stream='http://etherx.jabber.org/streams'
                 xmlns='jabber:client' to='example.com'>
    ...

Now suppose we want to send a complete element represented by an object message created like:

>>> message = domish.Element((None, 'message'))
>>> message['to'] = 'user@example.com'
>>> message.addElement('body', content='Hi!')
<twisted.words.xish.domish.Element object at 0x8276e8c>
>>> message.toXml()
u"<message to='user@example.com'><body>Hi!</body></message>"

As, you can see, this XML snippet has no xmlns declaration. When sent off, it inherits the jabber:client namespace from the root element. Note that this renders the same as using '' instead of None:

>>> presence = domish.Element(('', 'presence'))
>>> presence.toXml()
u"<presence/>"

However, if this object has a parent defined, the difference becomes clear:

>>> child = message.addElement(('http://example.com/', 'envelope'))
>>> child.addChild(presence)
<twisted.words.xish.domish.Element object at 0x8276fac>
>>> message.toXml()
u"<message to='user@example.com'><body>Hi!</body><envelope xmlns='http://example.com/'><presence xmlns=''/></envelope></message>"

As, you can see, the <presence/> element is now in the empty namespace, not in the default namespace of the parent or the streams'.

Method __bytes__ Retrieve the first character data node as UTF-8 bytes.
Method __delitem__ Undocumented
Method __getattr__ Undocumented
Method __getitem__ Undocumented
Method __init__ No summary
Method __setitem__ Undocumented
Method __unicode__ Retrieve the first CData (content) node
Method addChild Add a child to this Element.
Method addContent Add some text data to this Element.
Method addElement Create an element and add as child.
Method addRawXml Add a pre-serialized chunk o' XML as a child of this Element.
Method addUniqueId Add a unique (across a given Python session) id attribute to this Element.
Method compareAttribute Safely compare the value of an attribute against a provided value.
Method elements Iterate across all children of this Element that are Elements.
Method firstChildElement Undocumented
Method getAttribute Retrieve the value of attribname, if it exists
Method hasAttribute Determine if the specified attribute exists
Method swapAttributeValues Swap the values of two attribute.
Method toXml Serialize this Element and all children to a string.
Instance Variable attributes Dictionary of attributes associated with this Element.
Instance Variable children List of child Elements and content
Instance Variable defaultUri URI this Element exists within
Instance Variable localPrefixes Dictionary of namespace declarations on this element. The key is the prefix to bind the namespace uri to.
Instance Variable name Name of this Element
Instance Variable parent Reference to the parent Element, if any.
Instance Variable uri URI of this Element's name
Method _dqa Dequalify an attribute key as needed
Class Variable _idCounter Undocumented
def __bytes__(self): (source)

Retrieve the first character data node as UTF-8 bytes.

def __delitem__(self, key): (source)

Undocumented

def __getattr__(self, key): (source)

Undocumented

def __getitem__(self, key): (source)

Undocumented

def __init__(self, qname, defaultUri=None, attribs=None, localPrefixes=None): (source)
Parameters
qnameTuple of (uri, name)
defaultUriThe default URI of the element; defaults to the URI specified in qname
attribsDictionary of attributes
localPrefixesDictionary of namespace declarations on this element. The key is the prefix to bind the namespace uri to.
def __setitem__(self, key, value): (source)

Undocumented

def __unicode__(self): (source)

Retrieve the first CData (content) node

def addChild(self, node): (source)

Add a child to this Element.

def addContent(self, text: str) -> str: (source)

Add some text data to this Element.

def addElement(self, name, defaultUri=None, content=None): (source)

Create an element and add as child.

The new element is added to this element as a child, and will have this element as its parent.

Parameters
name:str or tuple of (str, str)element name. This can be either a str object that contains the local name, or a tuple of (uri, local_name) for a fully qualified name. In the former case, the namespace URI is inherited from this element.
defaultUri:strdefault namespace URI for child elements. If None, this is inherited from this element.
content:strtext contained by the new element.
Returns
object providing IElementthe created element
def addRawXml(self, rawxmlstring): (source)

Add a pre-serialized chunk o' XML as a child of this Element.

def addUniqueId(self): (source)

Add a unique (across a given Python session) id attribute to this Element.

def compareAttribute(self, attrib, value): (source)

Safely compare the value of an attribute against a provided value.

None-safe.

def elements(self, uri=None, name=None): (source)

Iterate across all children of this Element that are Elements.

Returns a generator over the child elements. If both the uri and name parameters are set, the returned generator will only yield on elements matching the qualified name.

Parameters
uri:strOptional element URI.
name:strOptional element name.
Returns
Iterator that yields objects implementing IElement.
def firstChildElement(self): (source)

Undocumented

def getAttribute(self, attribname, default=None): (source)

Retrieve the value of attribname, if it exists

def hasAttribute(self, attrib): (source)

Determine if the specified attribute exists

def swapAttributeValues(self, left, right): (source)

Swap the values of two attribute.

def toXml(self, prefixes=None, closeElement=1, defaultUri='', prefixesInScope=None): (source)

Serialize this Element and all children to a string.

attributes: dict = (source)

Dictionary of attributes associated with this Element.

children: list = (source)

List of child Elements and content

defaultUri: str or None = (source)

URI this Element exists within

localPrefixes: dict = (source)

Dictionary of namespace declarations on this element. The key is the prefix to bind the namespace uri to.

Reference to the parent Element, if any.

uri: str or None = (source)

URI of this Element's name

def _dqa(self, attr): (source)

Dequalify an attribute key as needed

_idCounter: int = (source)

Undocumented